Shifting perceptions on safe abortion in Liberia
Unsafe abortion remains a major public health challenge in Liberia, contributing significantly to maternal mortality and undermining women’s rights and health. To better understand the social attitudes, knowledge, and norms shaping access to safe abortion and family planning, the Informal Working Group for Reproductive Health and Rights (IWG) commissioned a national research study: the Perception Survey on Social Norms on Access to Safe Abortion. Implemented by hera and NCG, the project aimed to fill critical evidence gaps and strengthen advocacy and policy reform efforts in the country.
A rights-based approach to research
Human rights were central to the design and implementation of the study. Recognizing that access to safe abortion is not only a health issue but also a matter of rights, the project took a rights-based approach throughout. Ethical safeguards were integrated into the process, including reporting and safety mechanisms to address any concerns raised by participants about threats to their well-being.
What the study revealed
The findings paint a complex picture of social norms and perceptions around abortion in Liberia. While abortion remains highly stigmatised and is often associated with immorality or sin, the research also reveals shifting attitudes — particularly among younger people and urban populations — toward the need for safe abortion services and legal reform.
The Perception Survey on Social Norms on Access to Safe Abortion underscored deep inequities in access. Economically disadvantaged women, adolescents, and those living in rural areas face the most significant barriers to safe services. These disparities highlight the urgent need for targeted public education, clearer legal frameworks, and more inclusive healthcare services that address the needs of all women and girls.
Comprehensive evidence gathering
To capture a comprehensive picture of public perceptions, the study used a mixed-methods approach. A quantitative survey was carried out in all 15 counties of Liberia, reaching 1,089 respondents — exceeding the initial target sample size. This survey examined knowledge and use of family planning, perceptions of abortion legality and accessibility, and attitudes toward potential legal reforms. As part of the study’s ethical safeguards, training focused on trauma-informed data collection, and referral mechanisms were in place where needed, ensuring that participants’ wellbeing was prioritised throughout.
To complement the survey, qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews (KIIs) and participatory focus group discussions (FGDs) in Montserrado and Nimba counties, two regions chosen for their high reported abortion rates and diverse socio-cultural contexts. These qualitative components provided deeper insights into community norms, stakeholder perspectives, and the barriers people face in accessing safe services.
Building an evidence base for change
Human rights were central to the design and implementation of the study. Recognizing that access to safe abortion is not only a health issue but also a matter of rights, the project took a rights-based approach throughout. Ethical safeguards were integrated into the process, including reporting and safety mechanisms to address any concerns raised by participants about threats to their well-being.
The Perception Survey on Social Norms on Access to Safe Abortion represents a crucial step forward in understanding the social and cultural landscape surrounding abortion in Liberia. By capturing voices from across the country and shedding light on knowledge gaps, attitudes, and barriers, the study provides a strong evidence base to support advocacy, inform policy dialogue, and guide programmatic interventions.
Its findings point to the importance of sustained public education, legal clarity, and inclusive health services as essential steps toward reducing unsafe abortions and improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Evidence like this is key to shaping a more equitable and rights-affirming future.
UNFPA members and partners holding the hera report on the Perception Survey on Social Norms on Access to Safe Abortion.
Credit: UNFPA